- LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL - AN OVERVIEW

In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out which the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is principally mainly because of the not enough oxygen in Nb2O5, utilised as a Uncooked content initial soften (Czochralski technique) [186]. Accordingly, determined by its creation technological innovation, niobium pentoxide can adopt an array of